What is artificial insemination and how does it work?

Artificial insemination offers real hope for many couples and people looking to become parents. With success rates that vary depending on key factors, this Fertility Treatment can be an effective solution. In fact, by performing several cycles, the chances of achieving a pregnancy are significantly increased.

For this reason, artificial insemination has become a recommended option for those who fail to conceive after 12 months of trying. In addition, being a generally painless and less invasive procedure than other treatments, it represents an accessible and effective alternative for various situations, from ovulation problems to cases of unexplained infertility.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll explain in detail what artificial insemination is, how the procedure works, its different types, success rates, and associated costs. We will also address the factors that determine its effectiveness and the situations in which this treatment may be the best option for achieving a pregnancy.

What is Artificial Insemination and When Is It Recommended?

Definition and Basic Concepts

Artificial insemination consists of placing sperm in a controlled manner directly into the woman's uterus, using specialized medical instruments. This procedure is performed during the ovulatory period to maximize the chances of fertilization occurring in the fallopian tubes.

Main Medical Indications

The medical indications for artificial insemination vary depending on the origin of infertility.

In cases of Female Infertility, is recommended when there are:

• Cervical factor: Changes in the quality of the mucus in the cervix that prevent the passage of sperm.
• Ovulatory dysfunction: Ovulation irregularities, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Mild or moderate endometriosis.
• Vaginismus or problems that prevent the natural deposit of semen

On the other hand, in cases of Male Infertility, is indicated when there are:

• Mild changes in sperm quality: Such as low concentration or motility.
• Problems with naturally depositing semen

In addition, artificial insemination is an option in cases of Infertility of Unknown Origin, when the Fertility tests Basic results show normal results but pregnancy is not achieved.

Ideal Candidates for Treatment

Ideal candidates for artificial insemination must meet certain specific requirements. First of all, women must have Less than 35-37 years old, since the ovarian reserve and the likelihood of pregnancy decrease significantly after this age. It is also essential that the fallopian tubes are permeable and that there is an ovulatory capacity, either naturally or through hormonal stimulation.

However, the technique isn't just limited to couples with fertility problems. It's also a viable option for Single Women Who Want to Become Mothers O Women's couples, provided that they meet the above requirements. In these cases, the age limit can be extended to 40 years.

The success rate varies. For intrauterine insemination (IUI), pregnancy rates per cycle range from 5% to 20%, with cumulative rates that can reach 50-60% after 3-4 cycles (CDC, 2021). However, these odds are significantly dependent on factors such as the woman's age and the specific cause of infertility.

Types of Artificial Insemination Available

There are two main types of artificial insemination, each adapted to different medical needs and circumstances.

Homologous Artificial Insemination (IAH)

Homologous artificial insemination, also known as IAH or conjugal, uses the sperm of the woman's own partner. This procedure is especially effective in cases of male impotence, vaginismus and cervical disorders. It is also recommended for young couples who have not achieved pregnancy after a year of natural attempts.

The IAH has a success rate that is generally between 5% and 15% per cycle. The odds can increase cumulatively with repeated cycles, reaching 30-50% after 3-4 attempts (ASRM, 2017; SART, 2021).

Heterologous Artificial Insemination (IAD)

Heterologous artificial insemination or IAD uses sperm from an anonymous donor. This modality is mainly indicated in three situations: when there is severe male infertility, when there is a risk of transmission of hereditary diseases, or when the woman has no male partner.

IAD offers slightly higher success rates, reaching between 10% and 20% per cycle (ASRM, 2017). Donors undergo rigorous medical and psychological checks to ensure sperm quality and safety.

Differences Between Types of Procedures

The main distinction between the two procedures lies in the origin of the sperm used. However, the technical process is practically identical. In IAD, semen must remain frozen for at least six months before use for comprehensive safety testing.

On the other hand, donor selection in IAD follows specific criteria to maintain physical similarities with the recipient, including blood group, race, physical build, and characteristics such as eye and hair color. In Mexico, sperm donation is governed by confidentiality and anonymity guidelines, although There is no unified federal law that explicitly regulates donor anonymity in assisted reproduction (National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, 2019; IVF in Mexico, n.d.). Clinics operate on their own criteria, but generally maintain confidentiality.

Step-by-step Artificial Insemination Process

The artificial insemination process requires careful preparation and several specific steps to maximize the chances of success.

Preparation and Prior Studies

Before starting treatment, it is essential to perform a series of diagnostic tests:

1. Transvaginal gynecological ultrasound: To evaluate the ovarian reserve and detect possible pathologies.
2. Basal hormonal analysis: Between the first and third day of the menstrual cycle to assess ovarian reserve (including AMH, FSH, Estradiol) and possible hormonal changes.
3. Hysterosalpingography or hysterosalpingosonography: To check the patency of the fallopian tubes and confirm that there are no obstacles.

The Procedure in Detail

The process begins with the Controlled ovarian stimulation, which lasts between 10 and 12 days. During this period, small doses of gonadotropin hormones are administered to stimulate follicular development. The specialist monitors growth using ultrasound until the follicles reach 16-18 millimeters.

On the day of insemination, the semen sample is obtained and processed. The laboratory performs a Sperm training to select the most active and healthy sperm cells. Then, using a thin, flexible cannula, the doctor deposits the prepared sample directly into the uterus.

Necessary Aftercare

After the procedure, the patient should rest for 15 to 25 minutes. However, it is not necessary to keep absolute rest, as this has been proven to not increase the chances of success.

For the next 15 days, known as “beta waiting”, normal daily activities can be maintained. However, it is recommended to avoid intense physical exertion and to maintain a healthy diet with adequate hydration.

It is important to note that during this period symptoms such as belly bloating, abdominal pain or brown spotting may occur, mainly related to the hormonal medication received. Finally, after 15 days, a pregnancy test using blood tests (beta-hCG) to confirm if the treatment has been successful.

Success Rates and Determining Factors

The results of artificial insemination vary significantly depending on several factors, with the woman's age being the most decisive.

Pregnancy Statistics by Age

Success rates show a clear age-related pattern. In women under 30 years of age, the probability of pregnancy per cycle can be as high as 15-20%. This percentage decreases with age, for example, for women aged 35 to 40, the rate can be reduced to 10-12% per cycle, and for those over 40, it is significantly lower (ASRM, 2017; SART, 2021).

Factors that Influence the Outcome

In addition to age, several factors have a direct impact on the success of treatment:

• The cause of infertility: Some causes respond better to AI than others.
• The quality and origin of sperm: Donor sperm usually has slightly higher success rates due to rigorous selection.
• The applied ovarian stimulation protocol: Adequate stimulation is key.
• The receptivity of the endometrium: The uterine lining must be prepared for implantation.

In cases of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pregnancy rates with artificial insemination may be comparable to those of other groups, with successful rates of around 10-15% per cycle, especially if ovulation is properly controlled (ASRM, 2017).

Recommended Number of Attempts

The chance of pregnancy is cumulative, meaning that it increases with each attempt made. After 3-4 attempts, cumulative success rates can reach between 30% and 60% (SART, 2021). However, specialists do not usually recommend more than four attempts before considering other treatment options, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), as the chances of success decrease significantly with each additional cycle beyond this point.

However, there are exceptions for single women and couples of women, who may consider making more attempts at artificial insemination with a donor, since the cumulative rates may be higher in this group (ASRM, 2017).

Treatment Costs and Coverage

The costs associated with artificial insemination vary significantly depending on the type of procedure and the medical facility chosen.

Updated Prices in Mexico

The cost of an artificial insemination cycle in Mexico generally ranges from $15,000 and $40,000 MXN. This range may vary depending on the clinic and whether it is homologous (with partner sperm) or heterologous (with donor sperm) insemination, the latter usually being more expensive. In addition, the hormonal medication needed for ovarian stimulation represents an additional expense, which can range from $25,000 to $70,000 MXN approximately, depending on the dosage and type of medication.

What Each Procedure Includes

The basic budget for artificial insemination generally includes:

• Ultrasound checks during ovarian stimulation.
• Semen processing (sperm formation).
• Intrauterine insemination.
• Pregnancy test using beta-hCG analysis.

However, there are additional services that are not usually included in the initial price, such as diagnostic tests prior to treatment and freezing of semen if necessary. Consequently, it is essential to request a detailed quote before starting treatment.

‍

Conclusion

Artificial insemination represents a hopeful option for many couples looking to start a family. Certainly, although success rates vary depending on several factors, especially the woman's age, this treatment offers promising results when performed under the right conditions.

Data shows that the chances of achieving pregnancy increase significantly with each attempt. However, it is essential to consider that each case is unique and requires a personalized evaluation by the medical team.

The available options, both homologous and heterologous artificial insemination, can be adapted to different situations and specific needs. In addition, thanks to advances in reproductive technology and the various existing funding options, this treatment has become more accessible to those who need it.

Finally, the success of the procedure depends not only on biological factors but also on adequate preparation and constant medical monitoring. For this reason, it is essential to choose a specialized center that offers comprehensive and personalized attention throughout the process.

FAQs

• What is the success rate of artificial insemination? The success rate varies depending on several factors, mainly the woman's age and the origin of the sperm. In general, the chance of pregnancy is 5-20% per cycle. After three or four attempts, the cumulative rate can reach 30-60%.
• How much does artificial insemination treatment cost in Mexico? The cost of an artificial insemination cycle in Mexico generally ranges from $15,000 to $40,000 MXN, not including hormonal medication, which can range from an additional $25,000 to $70,000 MXN.
• Who are the ideal candidates for artificial insemination? Ideal candidates are women younger than 35-37 years of age with permeable fallopian tubes and ovulatory capacity. It's also an option for single women or couples of women up to the age of 40. The technique is recommended in cases of mild or unexplained infertility.
• How many attempts at artificial insemination are recommended? Generally, specialists recommend no more than four attempts before considering other treatment options, as success rates decrease significantly after this point. However, for single women and female partners, more attempts with a donor may be considered.
• What types of artificial insemination are there? There are two main types: homologous artificial insemination (IAH), which uses the partner's sperm, and heterologous artificial insemination (IAD), which uses sperm from an anonymous donor. The choice depends on the cause of infertility and the specific circumstances of each case.

Are you thinking about starting fertility treatment? At Avida Fertility, we accompany you with personalized attention and all the care you deserve. Schedule your appointment today and take the first step towards the dream of starting your family.

References:

• National Academy of Medicine of Mexico. (2019). Regulation of gamete and embryo donation in assisted human reproduction techniques: anonymous or open? https://www.anmm.org.mx/bgmm/2019/1/gmm_1_19_003-014.pdf
• American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). (2017). Optimal Evaluation and Treatment of the Infertile Couple. Fertility and Sterility, 108(3), e1-e38. https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/news-and-publications/practice-guidelines/for-patients/optimal_evaluation_and_treatment_of_the_infertile_couple.pdf
• BBVA Mexico. (n.d.). The Health Insurance You Can Always Use. https://www.bbva.mx/personas/productos/seguros/salud/seguro-de-salud.html
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report. https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html
• https://www.google.com/search?q=Enlistalo.com.mx. (n.d.). Funding options for IVF fertility treatments. https://enlistalo.com.mx/es/financiacion
• IVF in Mexico. (n.d.). Sperm Donation Laws Mexico. https://www.fivenmexico.com.mx/leyes-de-donacion-de-esperma-mexico/
• Medical expenses. mx. (n.d.). What Are Health Insurance Plans to Treat Infertility? https://gastosmedicos.mx/guias/seguro-gastos-medicos-infertilidad/
• GoFundMe. (n.d.). In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Fundraising: A Guide to Costs, Funding, and Treatments. https://www.gofundme.com/es-mx/c/blog/ivf-fundraising
• IECH. (n.d.). Does insurance cover my in vitro fertilization procedure? https://monterrey.iech.com.mx/faq-items/el-seguro-cubre-mi-procedimiento-de-fertilizacion-in-vitro/
• Monterrey New York Life Insurance. (n.d.). To know the smallest detail of your coverage is to enjoy it to the fullest. https://www.mnyl.com.mx/sharedassets/pdf/cg-ami-dc-2017.pdf
• Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART). (2021). ART Success Rates. https://www.sart.org/patients/find-a-clinic/success-rates/

‍

Step-by-step Artificial Insemination Process

The artificial insemination process requires careful preparation and several specific steps to maximize the chances of success.

Preparation and Prior Studies

Before starting treatment, it is essential to perform a series of diagnostic tests:

1. Transvaginal gynecological ultrasound: To evaluate the ovarian reserve and detect possible pathologies.
2. Basal hormonal analysis: Between the first and third day of the menstrual cycle to assess ovarian reserve (including AMH, FSH, Estradiol) and possible hormonal changes.
3. Hysterosalpingography or hysterosalpingosonography: To check the patency of the fallopian tubes and confirm that there are no obstacles.

The Procedure in Detail

The process begins with the Controlled ovarian stimulation, which lasts between 10 and 12 days. During this period, small doses of gonadotropin hormones are administered to stimulate follicular development. The specialist monitors growth using ultrasound until the follicles reach 16-18 millimeters.

On the day of insemination, the semen sample is obtained and processed. The laboratory performs a Sperm training to select the most active and healthy sperm cells. Then, using a thin, flexible cannula, the doctor deposits the prepared sample directly into the uterus.

Necessary Aftercare

After the procedure, the patient should rest for 15 to 25 minutes. However, it is not necessary to keep absolute rest, as this has been proven to not increase the chances of success.

For the next 15 days, known as “beta waiting”, normal daily activities can be maintained. However, it is recommended to avoid intense physical exertion and to maintain a healthy diet with adequate hydration.

It is important to note that during this period symptoms such as belly bloating, abdominal pain or brown spotting may occur, mainly related to the hormonal medication received. Finally, after 15 days, a pregnancy test using blood tests (beta-hCG) to confirm if the treatment has been successful.

Success Rates and Determining Factors

The results of artificial insemination vary significantly depending on several factors, with the woman's age being the most decisive.

Pregnancy Statistics by Age

Success rates show a clear age-related pattern. In women under 30 years of age, the probability of pregnancy per cycle can be as high as 15-20%. This percentage decreases with age, for example, for women aged 35 to 40, the rate can be reduced to 10-12% per cycle, and for those over 40, it is significantly lower (ASRM, 2017; SART, 2021).

Factors that Influence the Outcome

In addition to age, several factors have a direct impact on the success of treatment:

• The cause of infertility: Some causes respond better to AI than others.
• The quality and origin of sperm: Donor sperm usually has slightly higher success rates due to rigorous selection.
• The applied ovarian stimulation protocol: Adequate stimulation is key.
• The receptivity of the endometrium: The uterine lining must be prepared for implantation.

In cases of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pregnancy rates with artificial insemination may be comparable to those of other groups, with successful rates of around 10-15% per cycle, especially if ovulation is properly controlled (ASRM, 2017).

Recommended Number of Attempts

The chance of pregnancy is cumulative, meaning that it increases with each attempt made. After 3-4 attempts, cumulative success rates can reach between 30% and 60% (SART, 2021). However, specialists do not usually recommend more than four attempts before considering other treatment options, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), as the chances of success decrease significantly with each additional cycle beyond this point.

However, there are exceptions for single women and couples of women, who may consider making more attempts at artificial insemination with a donor, since the cumulative rates may be higher in this group (ASRM, 2017).

Treatment Costs and Coverage

The costs associated with artificial insemination vary significantly depending on the type of procedure and the medical facility chosen.

Updated Prices in Mexico

The cost of an artificial insemination cycle in Mexico generally ranges from $15,000 and $40,000 MXN. This range may vary depending on the clinic and whether it is homologous (with partner sperm) or heterologous (with donor sperm) insemination, the latter usually being more expensive. In addition, the hormonal medication needed for ovarian stimulation represents an additional expense, which can range from $25,000 to $70,000 MXN approximately, depending on the dosage and type of medication.

What Each Procedure Includes

The basic budget for artificial insemination generally includes:

• Ultrasound checks during ovarian stimulation.
• Semen processing (sperm formation).
• Intrauterine insemination.
• Pregnancy test using beta-hCG analysis.

However, there are additional services that are not usually included in the initial price, such as diagnostic tests prior to treatment and freezing of semen if necessary. Consequently, it is essential to request a detailed quote before starting treatment.

‍

Conclusion

Artificial insemination represents a hopeful option for many couples looking to start a family. Certainly, although success rates vary depending on several factors, especially the woman's age, this treatment offers promising results when performed under the right conditions.

Data shows that the chances of achieving pregnancy increase significantly with each attempt. However, it is essential to consider that each case is unique and requires a personalized evaluation by the medical team.

The available options, both homologous and heterologous artificial insemination, can be adapted to different situations and specific needs. In addition, thanks to advances in reproductive technology and the various existing funding options, this treatment has become more accessible to those who need it.

Finally, the success of the procedure depends not only on biological factors but also on adequate preparation and constant medical monitoring. For this reason, it is essential to choose a specialized center that offers comprehensive and personalized attention throughout the process.

FAQs

• What is the success rate of artificial insemination? The success rate varies depending on several factors, mainly the woman's age and the origin of the sperm. In general, the chance of pregnancy is 5-20% per cycle. After three or four attempts, the cumulative rate can reach 30-60%.
• How much does artificial insemination treatment cost in Mexico? The cost of an artificial insemination cycle in Mexico generally ranges from $15,000 to $40,000 MXN, not including hormonal medication, which can range from an additional $25,000 to $70,000 MXN.
• Who are the ideal candidates for artificial insemination? Ideal candidates are women younger than 35-37 years of age with permeable fallopian tubes and ovulatory capacity. It's also an option for single women or couples of women up to the age of 40. The technique is recommended in cases of mild or unexplained infertility.
• How many attempts at artificial insemination are recommended? Generally, specialists recommend no more than four attempts before considering other treatment options, as success rates decrease significantly after this point. However, for single women and female partners, more attempts with a donor may be considered.
• What types of artificial insemination are there? There are two main types: homologous artificial insemination (IAH), which uses the partner's sperm, and heterologous artificial insemination (IAD), which uses sperm from an anonymous donor. The choice depends on the cause of infertility and the specific circumstances of each case.

Are you thinking about starting fertility treatment? At Avida Fertility, we accompany you with personalized attention and all the care you deserve. Schedule your appointment today and take the first step towards the dream of starting your family.

‍

References:

• [^1]: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report. https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html
• [^2]: American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). (2017). Optimal Evaluation and Treatment of the Infertile Couple. Fertility and Sterility, 108 (3), e1-e38. https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/news-and-publications/practice-guidelines/for-patients/optimal_evaluation_and_treatment_of_the_infertile_couple.pdf
• [^3]: National Academy of Medicine of Mexico. (2019). Regulation of gamete and embryo donation in assisted human reproduction techniques: anonymous or open? https://www.anmm.org.mx/bgmm/2019/1/gmm_1_19_003-014.pdf
• [^4]: IVF in Mexico. (s.f.). Sperm Donation Laws Mexico. https://www.fivenmexico.com.mx/leyes-de-donacion-de-esperma-mexico/
• [^5]: Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART). (2021). ART Success Rates. https://www.sart.org/patients/find-a-clinic/success-rates/